Pascal Super Library/Pascal Super Library (CW International)(1997).bin/REFERENC/TPR/TPR1.TXT

Text File | 1992-12-15 | 30KB | 977 lines

                          The Turbo Pascal Reference
                                      by
                                  Ed Mitchell

                                A Freeware Book

First edition, Nov 1992. (C) Copyright 1992 by Ed Mitchell, author of the
Borland Pascal Developer's Guide, Que Corporation, 1992.



Introduction

     Welcome to the electronic edition of the Turbo Pascal Reference.  This
reference provides approximately 400 single-spaced pages of reference
information about the Turbo Pascal IDE, the Turbo Pascal language, all of the
System and Graph libraries, plus a comprehensive 150+ page reference to Turbo
Vision.

     This book is intended to be used as a reference - not as a tutorial.  If
you have no programming experience whatsoever, you should consult a Turbo
Pascal programming tutorial first.  If you have a minor amount of programming
experience, you will find a complete discussion of Turbo Pascal in Chapter 3,
"The Turbo Pascal Language".

     The Turbo Vision Reference section, Chapters 6 through 10, is unique in
that it provides many examples and highlights the most commonly used features.
If you have programmed in Turbo Vision you already know that you do not need to
use all of the methods described for each object type.  Unfortunately, it is
difficult, using Borland's documentation, to discern those that are needed and
those that you can safely ignore.  This means that learning Turbo Vision using
the Borland documentation is much more difficult than it needs to be.  And that
is why you will want to use the reference information I've provided in this
freeware book.

     If you have never programmed in Turbo Vision, I recommend that you consult
Chapter 11, "Turbo Vision Tutorial", continuing though Chapter 16, of the
Borland Pascal Developer's Guide, published by Que Books.

     This Turbo Pascal Reference, a 400 page book, is available to you, for
free.  Subject to the copyright and distribution rights described below, you
are free to copy this book and give it to others.



Why am I giving this book away?

     When I wrote Borland Pascal Developer's Guide (Que Books, 1992), my
publisher asked for a comprehensive book that would cover every feature of
Turbo Pascal.  Obviously, such a volume would take a lot more than could fit
within the approximately 1,000 page limitation of a printed book.

     Because there is not room in a single volume to hold all of this material,
I am giving away the extra 400 pages that it takes to flesh out the entire
topic.  I want you, my reader, to have access to this text, to help you in your
development of Pascal applications.  There is a great deal of valuable insight,
tutorials and sample code within this text and I very much want these
techniques to get into your hands and to be used by you.

     Please note that while the material presented here complements the Borland
Pascal Developer's Guide, this electronic book is not in any way affiliated
with the Que Corporation.

     This electronic book is completely free.  However, if you find this
information of value to you, I would greatly appreciate your purchase of
Borland Pascal Developer's Guide, published by Que Corporation, 1992.  (Or,
alternately, my Secrets of the Borland C++ Masters (Sams Books, 1992) or Using
Microsoft C/C++ (Que, 1992)).

     This freeware book does not duplicate the material in the Borland Pascal
Developer's Guide.  The Borland Pascal Developer's Guide and the Turbo Pascal
Reference are completely independent of one another - yet strongly complement
each other - so it is to your advantage to have access to both.  If your book
store does not stock Borland Pascal Developer's Guide, you can ask your
retailer to order them directly from Que Corporation, or call Que at
317-573-2500 or 1-800-428-5331.

     Because the material in the Turbo Pascal Reference was originally intended
as extra chapters in the Borland Pascal Developer's Guide, you will find cross
references to the Developer's Guide.  For example, in the reference section on
the Turbo Vision TCollection object, I will point you to chapter 14,
"Collections" in the Borland Pascal Developer's Guide for additional examples.



About the Author

     I am the author of Borland Pascal Developer's Guide (Que Books, 1992),
coauthor of Using Microsoft C/C++ 7.0 (Que Books, 1992), Secrets of the Borland
C++ Masters (Sams Books, 1992), and author of, under a pseudonym, Software
Construction Set for the IBM PC (Hayden Books, 1984).

     As a past employee of Software Publishing Corporation, I was the project
manager of the best selling PFS First Choice integrated software product, and
coauthor of the original PFS Write which was one of the first word processors
for the IBM PC (and was also a best seller).  Both PFS Write and PFS First
Choice were written in Pascal.  In the case of First Choice, the source ran to
over 125,000 lines of Pascal code.  I've been writing Pascal code since my
first use of an LSI-II Terak Microcomputer in 1978.



How to Contact the Author

     You can contact me via electronic mail to Compuserve 73317,2513 or via the
Internet to [e-mail].  I promise to read all mail that I
receive; realistically I cannot promise to respond to all enquiries.  You may
also reach me at [e-mail].


Copyright  Notice

     This text is copyrighted, which means that I retain ownership and control
over the right to make copies of this electronic book.  However, I give you
permission to copy this electronic text and give it away, free, to others,
subject to the following rules and restrictions:

1.  This electronic book may only be copied in its entirety, unless separate
permission is received from the author.

2.  Each copy of this material, whether electronic or printed, must not be
modified by you.  In particular, each copy must include this introduction, my
copyright statement and the reference to Borland Pascal Developer's Guide (Que,
1992).

3.  You may print out copies of this electronic text for your own use.

4.  Teachers and instructors are encouraged to copy, or to print and use this
material in their classroom; however, if material is extracted for use in a
classroom setting, the extracted material must bear the following notice:

     From Turbo Pascal Reference, (C) Copyright 1992 by Ed
     Mitchell, author of Borland Pascal Developer's Guide, Que
     Corporation, 1992.

5.  Bona fide shareware distributors may charge a "nominal" fee for the costs
of duplication and distribution.  By "nominal", I mean a low fee such as $5.00
per disk.

6.  You may not sell copies of the Turbo Pascal Reference in electronic,
printed or any other form, for profit or not-for profit.

7.  You may not give this material away or distribute this freeware text as a
promotion for any other product without the express written permission of Ed
Mitchell.

8.  Turbo Pascal, Turbo Pascal for Windows, and Borland Pascal are trademarks
of Borland International, Inc.



Disclaimer:  There are No Warranties

     The material in this electronic book has not been professionally edited.
In particular, Turbo Pascal Reference is not produced by nor sanctioned by the
Que Corporation.  Que Corporation has no affiliation with nor responsibility
for the content of Turbo Pascal Reference.  Ed Mitchell is solely responsible
for the content of Turbo Pascal Reference.

     This means that the text has NOT been reviewed by one or more copy editors
and a technical editor, which is typical of the material that you read in a
published book.  As such, you may find typographical or grammatical errors.
There may also be technical errors of the type that crop up during any big
project as large as this one.  If you find a problem, please notify me
directly, via electronic mail, and I will fix the problem for a subsequent
release of this electronic book.

     The text and sample programs are intended solely for educational purposes.
While the programs are believed to reasonably accurate and functional, they
have not been subjected to the standards of a professional software quality
assurance department.  No warranties, expressed or implied, are given.  This
material is used by you "as is".  You may use the sample code in your own
applications but you must subject the sample code to the same testing that you
would give to your own code.


About Borland Pascal Developer's Guide

     The Borland Pascal Developer's Guide is aimed at the intermediate to
advanced Pascal programmer, although it contains an enormous amount of
information that will be of value to those who have just learned Turbo Pascal.
The Guide covers Turbo Pascal 6.0, Turbo Pascal 7.0, Borland Pascal, including
the new protected-mode features, and Turbo Pascal for Windows.  The book
includes a companion disk containing all of the source code from the book, plus
several shareware utilities.  A detailed outline of the Borland Pascal
Developer's Guide is presented after the Table of Contents for the Turbo Pascal
Reference.


About the Illustrations and Sample Source Code

     In some of the chapters you will see reference to "figures", such as
"Figure 3.2".  Above the Figure caption you will see a notation similar to:

***03tpr02.pcx***

     This notation means that the illustration is contained in "pcx" format
graphics file named 03TPR02.PCX.  You can read and print .pcx files using the
Microsoft PaintBrush program that comes with Microsoft Windows.  Many other
graphics programs can also display and print these .pcx format files.  All of
the .pcx files are included in this electronic book.

     The text contains many program listings.  Some of these are also provided
as separate source code files to make it easy for you to use the sample code in
your own programs.  Whenever you see a listing in the text that contains "line
numbers" on the left hand side, the topmost line of the listing will show the
name of the file containing the source code.  The sample files are included in
this electronic book.  The line numbers are for reference only; if you choose
to type in any of the sample programs, do not type the line numbers.



                            Turbo Pascal Reference
                             ---------------------

                               Table of Contents
                    ---------------------------------------

Total pages in the electronic book:
     Over 400 single spaced pages.

Chapter 1
20 pages.
This introduction
Copyright information
Table of Contents for Turbo Pascal Reference
Table of Contents for Borland Pascal Developer's Guide



Chapter 2
The Integrated Development Environment
36 pages.

Using the Integrated Development Environment
     When to Use the IDE?
     Starting Turbo Pascal's IDE
     Selecting Menu Items
     Editing, Saving and Compiling a Program
Dialog Boxes
Using the Editor
     Navigating in the Editor
     Selecting Text and Text Block Operations
     Specific Editing Commands
The IDE Help System
     Copying Text from the Help system
The File Menu
     File Menu/Open
     File Menu/New
     File Menu/Save functions
     File Menu/Change dir
     File Menu/Print
     File Menu/Get Info
     File Menu/DOS Shell
     File Menu/Exit
The Search Menu
     Search Menu/Find (Ctrl-Q-F)
     Search Menu/Replace (Ctrl-A)
     Search Menu/Search Again (Ctrl-L)
     Search Menu/Go to Line Number
     Search Menu/Find Procedure
     Search Menu/Find Error (Alt-F8)
The Run Menu
     Run Menu/Run (Alt-R)
     Run Menu/Program Reset (Ctrl-F2)
     Run Menu/Go to Cursor (F4)
     Run Menu/Trace Into (F7) and Step Over (F8)
     Run Menu/Parameters
The Compile Menu
     Compile Menu/Compile (Alt-F9)
     Compile Menu/Make (F9)
     Compile Menu/Build
     Compile Menu/Destination
     Compile Menu/Primary File
The Debug Menu and the Built-in Debugger
     Debug Menu/Evaluate/Modify (Ctrl-F4)
     Debug Menu/Watches
     Debug/Watches - Add Watch (Ctrl-F7)
     Debug Menu/Watches - Delete Watch
     Debug Menu/Watches - Edit Watch
     Debug Menu/Watches-Remove all Watches
     Debug Menu/Toggle Breakpoint (Ctrl-F8)
     Debug Menu/Breakpoints
          Edit Breakpoints Button
          Delete Button
          View Button
          Clear All Button
The Options Menu
     Options Menu/Compiler
     Options Menu/Memory sizes
     Options Menu/Linker
     Options Menu/Debugger
     Options Menu/Directories
     Options Menu/Environment
          Options Menu/Environment - Preferences
          Options Menu/Environment - Editor Options
          Options Menu/Environment - Mouse
          Options Menu/Environment - Startup
          Options Menu/Environment - colors
          Options Menu/Save options
The Window Menu


Chapter 3
The Turbo Pascal Language
104 pages.

Your First Turbo Pascal Program
Pascal Program Structure
Pascal Data Types
     A Note on the Use of Floating Point Values
     Declaring Identifiers
     Constants
     Variables
     Arrays
     Multidimensional Arrays
          Arrays and the packed Keyword
     Enumerated Types
     Subrange Types
     Sets
          Set Relational Operators
          Set Logical Operators
     Records
          The With Statement
          Record Types
     Case-variant records
     File Types
     Typed Constants:  Pre-initialized variables
     The Pointer Type
          Defining and Allocating a Pointer
          Using a Pointer
          Disposing of a Dynamic variable
          Common problems when using pointers
          The Use of Mark and Release Procedures
          Cautions concerning the use of Mark and Release
          The Use of GetMem and FreeMem procedures
          Pointers and Memory Management
          Pointer Relational Operators
          The Address-of operator @
          @ and Procedures and Functions
          @ and Procedure Value parameters
          @ and Procedure Variable parameters
     Summary of Pointer Operations
     Pointers and Complex Data Structures
     Pointers and the With Statement
Turbo Pascal Arithmetic Operations
     Basic Arithmetic Operators
     Mixing Data Types in Expressions
     Implicit Type Conversion
     Explicit Type Conversion
     Address-of @ operator
Comparision or Relational Operators
     Logical or Bit Level Operations
     Boolean Operations
     Short-Circuit versus Complete Evaluation
String Operations
Evaluation Hierarchy
Pascal Statements
     Program Comments
     Assignment Statements:  :=
     Conditional Statements:  If-then-else and case
          The if-then and if-then-else statements
          The case Statement
     Looping Statements:  For, While and Repeat
          For Loop
          While Loop
          Repeat Loop
     Labels and Goto
Procedures and Functions
     Procedures
          The <Optional parameter list>
          Arrays as Parameters
          Strings as Parameters
          Records as Parameters
          Summary of Using Parameter Values and Variables
     The Procedure Body
          Forward declared procedures
          Near and Far procedure call models
          Interrupt Procedures
          Assembly language procedures:  External, Inline and Asm
     Functions
          Calling a function
          Assigning a value to a function identifier
          Acceptable Function Return Values
          Recursive functions
          The effect of short-circuit evaluation on functions
     Procedures and Functions as Parameters
Conditional Compilation
     Built-in Conditional Compilation Symbols
Compiler Directives
Disk File Operations
     Defining a File Identifier
     Opening a File
     Writing and Reading File Data
     Checking for File-related Errors
     Text Files
     Sequential Access Data Files
     Random Access Data Files
     Writing Pointer values to disk files
     BlockRead and BlockWrite:  The Use of Untyped Files
     Specifying Different Block Sizes
     Maximum buffer size and maximum data to read or write
     Other File Operations
Turbo Pascal Memory Limitations



Chapter 4
System Library Reference
89 pages.


Chapter 5
Graph Library Reference
54 pages.



Chapter 6
The Turbo Vision Reference
34 pages.

About the Reference Section
Naming Conventions
Naming Conventions
The Turbo Vision Object Hierarchy
The Reference Section
     Contains reference information on every aspect of Turbo Vision, including
object types, global variables, type declarations, constants, plus examples and
an overview of commonly used features.

Chapter 7, 8, 9 and 10
The Turbo Vision Reference
(continued)
Chapter 7: 28 pages.
Chapter 8: 42 pages.
Chapter 9: 40 pages.
Chapter 10: 37 pages.





                       Borland Pascal Developer's Guide
                        -------------------------------

                               Table of Contents
                    ---------------------------------------

Chapter 1
Introduction


Who Should Use This Book?
How To Use This Book
About the Sample Programs
About The Programming Style Used in This Book
The Companion Diskette
How to Contact the Author
New Features in Borland Pascal and Turbo Pascal 7.0
     Which Compiler Should You Use?
     Using Protected-Mode
     Compiling for Protected Mode
Issues of Programming Style
     Capitalization of Keywords
     Indenting
          Where to Indent?
     Use Blank Lines
     Types and Pointers
     Procedures and Functions



Chapter 2
Units

Introduction
Structure of a Unit
Defining the Interface Section
Inline Procedures and Functions
Using Other Units Within the Interface Section
Defining the Implementation Section
The Unit Initialization Section
Using a Unit in another Program
Compiling a Unit
Using TPUMOVER to Update TURBO.TPL
Multiple .TPL Library Files
Project Management:  The Build and Make Options
Circular References:  When Units Use Each Other
Sharing Declarations Between Units
The Standard Turbo Pascal Units
Library Units Available From Other Suppliers
A Sample Unit
Dynamic Link Libraries



Chapter 3
Overlays

Introduction
General Guidelines
Overlay Example
Description of Example Program OverDemo
Checking OvrResult
Combining .OVR and .EXE into a single .EXE file
Assembly language and Overlay Calls
Overlays and Unit Initialization Code
Overlaying Data
Tuning the Virtual Array Code
Turbo Pascal Overlay Unit Reference



Chapter 4
Object-Oriented Programming

Introduction
What You Need To Learn
The Terminology of Object-oriented Programming
A First Look at Object Oriented Programming in Turbo Pascal
Pointers to Objects and Dynamic Object Allocations
Disposing of Object Pointers
Destructor Methods
The Power of Inheritance
Calling the Ancestor's Init Method
Object Types, Objects and Inheritance
Virtual Methods
Objects containing Virtual Methods Must Have a Constructor
Static versus Virtual:  Which Do You Choose?
Object Types and Type Compatability
Objects as Procedural Parameters
Objects as Typed Constants
Polymorphism
Object Libraries
Designing Object-oriented Programs
Object-oriented Programming Reference
Defining an object
Deriving an object
Object Pointers
Constructor and Destructor Methods
Virtual methods
Using the Self variable
Range Checking of Virtual Method Calls
Glossary of Object Terminology



Chapter 5
Turbo Pascal Graphics

Introduction to Turbo Pascal Graphics
     The Graph Unit and Related Files
     Sample Program
     Circles
     Graphic Text
Viewports
The Current Pointer
Selecting Colors
Choosing Colors from the Color Palette
Selecting Interior Colors for Objects
Charting
The Pie Chart
The Bar Chart
The Line Chart
Graphics Drivers and Font Files
Font Files
Linking Device Drivers and Font Files
Converting .BGI and .CHR files into .OBJ files
Two Approaches to Linking .BGI and .CHR Files
Modifying Your Program to Reference the Linked .BGI and .CHR files



Chapter 6
Assembly Language Programming and Turbo Assembler

Overview of 80x86 CPU Architecture
Bit representations
Memory Addressing
Turbo Pascal Memory Structure
80x86 Processor Instruction Set
Direct Memory Address:  The Use of Mem, MemW and MemL
Direct Port Access:  The Use of Port and PortW
The Use of Inline Statements
Encoding Multiple Bytes
The Inline Directive
The Built-in asm Assembler
Using the Built-in Assembler
How Procedures and Functions Are Called
Accessing Global Variables
The Difference Between Constants and Variables
Local Variables in Procedures and Functions
Accessing Value Parameters and Variable Parameters
Function Return Values
Accessing Pointer Variables
Accessing Record Structures
Statement Labels
Jump Instructions
Near and Far RET return instructions
Data Formats and Definitions
Table of Internal Data Representations
DB, DD and DW Directives
Using DB, DW and DD for Multiple Values and Symbols
Assembler Expressions
Turbo Assembler Basics
Turbo Assembler Statements
A Sample Program
Assembling and Compiling
Turbo Assembler Summary



Chapter 7
Debugging Turbo Pascal

Program Testing Strategies
Catching Software Defects Before They Happen
Debugging Strategies
Logic errors
Unitialized variables
Unitialized or Erroneous Pointer Values
Changes to Global Variables
Failure to Free Up Dynamically Allocated Memory
Off by 1 Errors
Clobbering Memory and Out of Range Errors
Ignoring Pascal Scoping Rules
Undefined Functions
Check all Return Error Codes
Boundary Conditions
Debugging Techniques
The IDE Debugger
Compiling for the IDE Debugger
Using the Integrated Debugger
Debugger Windows
The Watch Window
Changing the Value of Variables
Using Breakpoints
Other Debug/Breakpoints features
The Debugger Unit
Using Turbo Debugger
Compiling for Turbo Debugger Compatability
Starting Turbo Debugger
The Watch Wndow
Inspector Windows
Evaluate/Modify
Viewing All Variables
Controlling Program Execution
Breakpoints
Setting Breakpoint Options
Inserting Executable Expressions
Changed Memory Global..
Expression True Global...
Viewing Breakpoints
Turbo Debugger and Assembling Language Programs
Protected Mode Debugging on the 80286
Virtual Debugging on the 80386
Starting the Virtual Debugger
Debugging Turbo Vision Applications
Debugging Windows Applications



Chapter 8
Program Optimization and Turbo Profiler

Program Optimization
Using the Turbo Profiler
Compiling for Turbo Profiler Compatability
Selecting Program Areas to Profile
Obtaining Accurate Measurements
Improving the Program
Statistics Provided by Turbo Profiler
Turbo Profiler Output Options
Active versus Passive Profiling
Optimization Tricks
Clean Up of Loop Statements
Test for the Most Likely Outcomes First
Set Compiler Options For Most Efficient Execution
Replace Function Calls with Lookup Tables
Don't be Afraid of Goto!
Use Better Algorithms!
Use var Parameters Instead of Value Parameters
Consider Assembly Language
Use Fixed Point Longints in Place of Reals
Increase File I/O Buffers
Memory Reduction
Use Local and Dynamic Variables
Recycle Memory
Using Virtual Memory for Data



Chapter 9
Special Programming Techniques: 8087 Usage, Interrupts and TSRs

Using the 80x87 Math Coprocessor
Advantages and Disadvantages
Important Considerations when Using the Coprocessor
Transcendental Functions and the 80387
Other Data Types
Interrupt Handlers and TSRs
Compiling TSR Programs
Installing an Interrupt Handler
Writing the Interrupt Procedure
Use of the Procedure's Register Parameters
Writing Interrupt Procedures using the Assembler Directive
Writing TSRs
TSR Dangers
TSR Interrupt Trapping
TSR Construction
The Main Body of the Program
InstallTSR and the Message Passing Mechanism
Back to InstallTSR
The Keyboard Interrupt Handler
The INT $28 Interrupt Handler
RunPopUp
DoPopUpFunction
DoUnUnstall
The Timer Interrupt
Debugging TSRs



Chapter 10
Turbo Pascal Standalone Programs

BINOBJ
GREP
MAKE
Example Use of MAKE
Explicit Rules
Command Lines
Implicit Rules
Conditional Directives
Using BUILTINS.MAK
Macros
MAKE Command Line Options
THELP
TOUCH
TPC and BPC - Standalone Turbo Pascal compilers
TEMC The Turbo Editor Macro Compiler
TDSTRIP
TDUMP



Chapter 11
Turbo Vision Tutorial

What is Turbo Vision?
Learning Turbo Vision
About TVSHELL
A Simple Turbo Vision Application
How does it Run?
Creating the Menu Bar
NewMenu, NewSubMenu and NewItem
NewSubMenu
Hot keys
Command codes
Command Code values
Suggested Exercise
Using the NewLine function
Windows and Views
Turbo Vision Windows
Adding a simple window
TApplication.Init
Adding the Window
Introduction to Dialog Boxes and the HandleEvent Method
Modal versus Non-Modal Dialogs
Radiobuttons and Checkboxes
Tab Order
Introduction to Events and the HandleEvent method
How Events Work
When do you call an ancestor's HandleEvent method?
Keystrokes
Retrieving data from a dialog
Setting Default Values in Dialogs
Getting User Input
The Dialog Data Record
Putting Data into the Dialog
Getting Data
Storing Dialog Data



Chapter 12
Turbo Vision List Boxes

List Boxes and Collections
Sidebar:  Introduction to Collections
Creating a TCollection data object
Updating an entry in the collection
Deleting a collection entry
Advanced TCollection retrieval methods
Using Collections in TVSHELL6
Adding items to DirectoryCollection
The List Box Viewer
Creating a List box
Displaying List Box Text with GetText
Summary of TCollection and TListViewer
Finishing the TVSHELL Example Program
     Outline numbering and file selecting
     Scavenge hunts
     Selecting Files and evKeyDown Events
     Mouse Events
     DoSelectFile
     MoveCursor
     DoOpenClose
     Modifying GetText to display Outline numbering
     Finishing TVSHELL
     TShell.RenameDialog Implementation
     TShell.CopyDialog
     The Set Up Program Dialog
     The SetScreenMode Method
     Summary of SetScreenMode
     Disabling Menu Commands
Where to go next



Chapter 13
More Turbo Vision Features

Ownership versus Relationship
Z-Order
Views and Event Processing
Selected Views
Events and Event Processing Order
Positional Events
Broadcast Events
User Defined Events
Phased Events
TApplication.Idle:  Writing Background Tasks
Using Color Palettes
Application Color Palettes
The Default Color Palettes
Setting Color Palette Attribute Values
Changing the Default Colors
Common Problems with Color Mapping
Fixing an out of range color problem
Detecting Out of Memory Problems in Turbo Vision
LowMemory and ValidView
ValidView
Setting The Safety Pool Size
Cache Buffers
TView.Valid and TGroup.Valid
Adding On-line Help to Turbo Vision Programs
Step 1:  Writing the on-line help text
Step 2:  Using TVHC to Compile the Help Text
Step 3:  Adapting An Application for On-Line Help


Chapter 14
Collections

Creating a Collection
Adding records to a Collection
How many records are in the Collection?
Retrieving records from the Collection
Updating an entry in the collection
Deleting a collection entry
Disposing the Collection
Strings in TCollection Records
Iterators
ForEach
FirstThat and LastThat
Writing FindName as Method
Other Uses of FirstThat and LastThat
Collections and Memory usage
TSortedCollection
Sort into Descending Order
Using PStrings
Using TSortedCollection.Search
TStringCollection
Overriding Compare for TStringCollection
TStringCollection and Duplicate Entries
Using TStringCollection.Search
Polymorphic Collections



Chapter 15
Streams

Stream Types
Using a Stream
The TPersonInfo record for Stream I/O
The Registration Record
The ObjType Field
The VMTLink Field
Load and Store
The Store Method
Registering the stream
All Turbo Vision Objects are Streamable
Reading a Stream
     Defining the Load method and Registration record
The Get Method
Random Access Streams
GetPos, GetSize and Truncate
Streams in EMS Memory:  TEmsStream
Copying Entire Streams
Handling Stream Errors
Polymorphic Streams



Chapter 16
Resources

Creating a Database with Resources
Reading data from the Resource file
Storing Program Resources
Using Program Resources
Registering Turbo Vision Components using RegisterXXXX
Creating String Resources
Using String Resources
A String Resource Compiler Utility
Adding Resources to an .EXE File



Chapter 18
ObjectWindows Basics
Chapter written by Namir C. Shammas.

Windows Data Types
The ObjectWindows Hierarchy
TObject
TApplication
TWindowsObject
TDialog
TFileDialog
TInputDialog
TWindow
TControl
TScrollBar
TStatic
TEdit
TListBox
TComboBox
TGroupBox
TButton
TCheckBox
TRadioButton
TEditWindow
TFileWindow
Programming Note
TMDIWindow
TMDIClient
TScroller
The Windows API Functions
Invoking Windows API Functions
The Windows Messages
Responding to Messages
Sending Messages
User-defined Messages
Summary



Chapter 19
ObjectWindows Examples
Chapter written by Namir C. Shammas.

Resources
The Resource Workshop
Emulating DOS Screen in Windows
The Minimal Windows Application
Using Menus
User Input and Painting Windows
Command Buttons and Text Boxes
A Text File Editor
Summary